๋ชฉ์ฐจ

Lungs Surgical Conditions

  • Pulmonary Cysts
  • Pulmonary Bullae/Blebs
  • Pulmonary Abscess
  • Restrictive Pleuritis
  • Lung Laceration
  • Lung Lobe Torsion
  • Pulmonary Neoplasia

1. Pulmonary cyst/bullae & blebs

  • ํ ์ชฝ์— ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋‚ญ. Cyst/bullae/blebs๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆˆ๋‹ค.
  • ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ฌด์„œ์šด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” rupture. ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ํ˜ธํก๊ณค๋ž€์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ.
  • ํ™•์ง„์€ ์กฐ์ง๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋กœ๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ
  • Cyst: ์ƒํ”ผ๋กœ ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ์—ฌ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ.(์‹ค์งˆ์— ์ƒ๊ธด ๋ฌธ์ œ)
  • Bullae: internal & external ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์•ฝํ•ด์ง.
  • Bleb: external์ด ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฐธ. โ†’ ์ข€ ๋” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ด€์ฐฐ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ.
  • ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ณ ์น˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€.

Whatโ€™s your diagnosis?

BullaBleb
์‹ค์งˆ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ž„.
๊นŠ์€ ์ชฝ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ (์•ˆ์ชฝ์—์„œ๋„ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ)
๋งŒ์ง€๋ฉด ์„œ๊ฑฑ์„œ๊ฑฑ.
  • Thoracocentesis: ํ‰๊ฐ•์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ์•ก์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ, ๊ธธ์–ด๋ด์•ผ 3-4์ผ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์†๋จ.
  • ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ฐœํ‰ โ†’ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ ๋ด‰ํ•ฉ.
  • Partial lobectomy: ์†์ƒ๋œ ํ์—ฝ์„ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ˆ์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•.

2. Pulmonary Abscess

  • Uncommon
  • ๋ฐฐ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ๋ชปํ•ด์„œ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์Œ.
  • Secondary to
    • Foreign body obstruction (๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋จ โ†’ ์ •์ฒด โ†’ ๊ฐ์—ผ โ†’ ๋†์–‘)
    • Foreign body migration (๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ด๋ฌผ์ด ๋šซ๊ณ  ๋„˜์–ด์˜ค๋ฉด์„œ)
    • Chronic lung infection
    • Neoplastic disease (์—ญ์‹œ ๋ง‰ํžˆ๋Š” ์ข…๋ฅ˜)
  • ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ๋ฅผ 4์ฃผ ์ด์ƒ -6์ฃผ๊นŒ์ง€ ์จ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์›์น™.
    • But ๋™๋ฌผ์—์„œ ์•ฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ž˜ ์žกํžˆ์ง„ ์•Š์Œ. ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ.
    • ํ‰๊ฐ•์„ ์—ด๊ณ  ๋†์–‘ ๋ถ€์œ„๋ฅผ lobectomy ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„.

3. Restrictive pleuritis

  • Heavy fibrin deposition
  • Surgical treatment :
      1. Lobectomy
      1. Lung decortication : ๋ฐ•ํ”ผ (๋œฏ์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ)

4. Lung laceration

  • Cause
    • Iatrogenic : Thoracocentesis, thoracostomy tube, inadvertent cut during thoracotomy
    • Traumatic : ๋ด‰ํ•ฉ ๊ผญ ํ•„์š” (often fatal)
      • Rib fractures, penetrating trauma, Foreign body displacement from esophagus
Respiratory distress
  • ํ˜ธํก๊ณค๋ž€ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์‹œ, : ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์ˆœ์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์น˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•จ.
  • Treatment - conservative
      1. Oxygen supplement : ์‚ฐ์†Œ ๊ณต๊ธ‰
      1. Thoracocentesis : ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋นผ ์คŒ
      1. Thoracostomy tube
  • Treatment - surgical
    • ์›ฌ๋งŒํผ ํ•ด๋„ ๊ธฐํ‰ ์žกํžˆ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋•Œ (uncontrollable)
    • ํ‰๊ฐ•๋‚ด ์ถœํ˜ˆ์ด >2ml/kg/hr ๋กœ ์ง€์†๋  ๋•Œ
    • Mildํ•œ ์ถœํ˜ˆ - inverting suture pattern(ex. Lembert)
    • Severeํ•œ ์ถœํ˜ˆ - horizontal mattress pattern + everting๋œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— simple continuous closure
    • ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ์•ˆ ๋˜๋ฉด partial or complete lobectomy
    • ์š”์ฆ˜์€ tissue glow๋กœ ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ [Tissumend โ…ก]

5. Lung lobe torsion

  • Uncommon
  • Rt. middle lobe์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ common : Rt. cranial, Lt. cranial์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์˜ด
  • Radiography : congested, consolidated lobe
  • ์ •์ฒด๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ํ‰์ˆ˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ
    • ์œ ๋ฏธ(chylous)๊ฐ€ ํ‰๊ฐ•์— ๋ชจ์ž„
  • Treatment : lobectomy - ํ’€์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋ฉด(untwist) ๊ณ ์—ฌ ์žˆ๋˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์˜จ๋ชธ์œผ๋กœ ํผ์ง€๋ฉฐ ์‚ฌ๋ง ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ.
  • ์œ ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ด๋™์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” thoracic duct๋Š” extrajugular vein์— termination
    • ํ˜น์€ subclavian jugular.. ๊ทธ ์–ธ์ €๋ฆฌ, ํ†ต์นญํ•ด์„œ Left extrajugular vein
  • ์ด๊ฒŒ ์ •์ฒด๋˜๋ฉด chyle๋„ ํ‰์ˆ˜ ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋น ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ

6. Pulmonary neoplasia

  • ์ „์ด๋œ ์ข…์–‘์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋งŽ์Œ (Metastatic > Primary)
  • adenocarcinoma - ๋์ž๋ฝ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์ข…์–‘์€ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ •๋ง ์ˆ˜์›” / hilus์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์–ด๋ ค์›€
  • ์ „์ด๋œ ์ข…์–‘์€ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ, ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์™ธ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ(๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋“ฑ)์œผ๋กœ ์น˜๋ฃŒ
  • ์™ธ๊ณผ์  ์ ์šฉ๋„ ๊ณ„์† ํ•ด๋ดค๋”๋‹ˆ.. 3๊ฐœ ์ดํ•˜์˜ osteosacoma์— ํ•œํ•ด ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์  ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋ช… ์—ฐ์žฅ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ
  • Treatment : Lung lobectomy (complete or partial)
    • โ†’ complete = ํ˜ธํก์ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์ ธ๋„ ์™„์ „ ์ œ๊ฑฐ
    • ํ์˜ 50%๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์ ธ๋„ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ
    • partial๋กœ ์žฌ๋ฐœ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ๋‘๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค..

Whatโ€™s your diagnosis?

  • 3cm ์ด์ƒ์ด๋ฉด ์ „์ด๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ํฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด„
  • Left caudal margin์— adenocarcinoma
Partial Lung Lobectomy with Staples
  • Excisional biopsy : ๋‹ค ๋“ค์–ด๋ƒ„
  • Hemostatic foscep(crush)๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ฐฐ
  • Margin์€ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๋งŒํผ ๋งŽ์ด ํ™•๋ณด
  • ๋ด‰ํ•ฉ ์‹œ ๊ธฐํ‰๊ณผ ์ถœํ˜ˆ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๋ง‰์•„์•ผ : ๋ด‰ํ•ฉ๊ณผ ๋ด‰ํ•ฉ ์‚ฌ์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฒน์ณ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค (overlapping suture)
    • ๋ด‰ํ•ฉํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์Šค์ณ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋ฉฐ ๊ฒน์ณ์„œ ๋ด‰ํ•ฉ. ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌํ•  ๋•Œ ์ง์ „ ๋ด‰ํ•ฉ์„ ๊ฒน์ณ..
    • ๊ต์ˆ˜๋‹˜์€ ์ด์ค‘์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋”
    • ๋‹จ๋ฉด์ด ๋ถˆ์•ˆํ•˜๋ฉด simple contrinuous๋กœ margin ๋ด‰ํ•ฉ (= oversawing)
    • ์ž‘๊ฒŒ..
    • Stapler ๋ฐ•์•„์„œ ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ (์ง€๊ทธ์žฌ๊ทธ๋กœ - ๋ฌผ์ƒ ํ‹ˆ ์—†์ด)
Complete
  • ๊ฒฐ์ฐฐ ์ˆœ์„œ : ๋™๋งฅ - ์ •๋งฅ - brunchus (simple interrupted)

  • Horizontal mattress - continous ํ•˜๊ฒŒ.

Pneumonectomy
  • ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ or ์™ผ์ชฝ ํ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ.
  • ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ ํ๊ฐ€ 55-60%๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ : ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์œผ๋กœ ์™ผ์ชฝ ํ์—๋งŒ ์ ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•จ.

โ‡’ ์œค์™ธ2(B) - 3.2 Pleural space & Thoracic wall (Lower Airway Surgery-2)