Neoplasia

  • Neoplasia : ์ข…์–‘ ํ˜•์„ฑ. โ€œnew growthโ€
  • ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ์›๋ž˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด ๊ณ„์† ์ฆ์‹ํ•˜์—ฌ โ€œneoplasmโ€์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•จ
  • common term : cancer(โ€œcrabโ€), tumor(โ€œswellingโ€)
  • oncology(์ข…์–‘ํ•™) โ† โ€œoncosโ€(=tumor)์—์„œ ์˜ด
  • neoplasm, tumor๋Š” benign & malignant ๋ชจ๋‘ ํฌํ•จ / cancer = malignant๋งŒ
    • benign(โ€œharmlessโ€) : ์ฃผ์œ„ ์กฐ์ง์œผ๋กœ ์นจํˆฌํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹ ์ฒด ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋กœ ํผ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์Œ, ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ
    • malignant(โ€œharmfulโ€) : ๋ฐฉ์น˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ฃผ์œ„ ์กฐ์ง์œผ๋กœ ์นจ์Šต, ์ „์ด๋˜์–ด ๋ชธ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฃฝ์Œ์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ•จ

Preneoplastic Changes (์ „์กฐ์ฆ์ƒ)

  • ์ „์กฐ์ฆ์ƒ : hyperplasia(์„ธํฌ ์ˆ˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€), hypertrophy(์„ธํฌ ํฌ๊ธฐ ์ฆ๊ฐ€), metaplasia(์„ธํฌ ์ข…๋ฅ˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•), dysplasia(์„ฑ์žฅ ์ด์ƒ)
  • ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ „์กฐ ์ฆ์ƒ์€ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ reversible
  • ๊ทธ ์ค‘ metaplasia์™€ dysplasia๋Š” preneoplasia โ†’ neoplasia ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ณ„์† ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚จ
  • anaplasia๋Š” neoplasia๋กœ์˜ irreversible progression์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ„

Tumor types

  • ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ mesenchymal or epithelial

mesenchymal tumors

  • ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ mesoderm์— ๊ธฐ์›ํ•˜๋Š” cell์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ
  • spindle cells๋“ค์ด ๋ฐฐ์—ด๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Œ
  • mesenchymal cells์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์›ํ•œ benign tumor์—๋Š” โ€˜-oma(์ข…)โ€˜๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์ž„
  • mesenchymal cells์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์›ํ•œ malignant tumor์€ โ€˜sarcoma(์œก์ข…)โ€˜๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•จ
    • ex) fibroma: fibroblast orgin์˜ ์–‘์„ฑ ์ข…์–‘ / fibrosarcoma: fibroblast์˜ ์•…์„ฑ ์ข…์–‘ ์™ผ์ชฝ์€ fibroma, ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์€ fibrosarcoma
  • hematopoietic system์˜ cell๋“ค์€ mesenchymal
  • ์ˆœํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜ˆ์•ก์ด๋‚˜ ๊ทธ precursors์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์•…์„ฑ ์ข…์–‘์€ โ€œleukemia(๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ๋ณ‘)โ€œ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•จ
    • abnormal hematopoietic cells๊ฐ€ ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ๋‹ค

Epithelial tumors

  • endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ธฐ์› ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ
  • โ€˜adenomaโ€™, โ€˜papillomaโ€™, โ€˜polypโ€™ ๋ชจ๋‘ benign epithelial tumor๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ง
    • Adenoma : glandular ๋˜๋Š” tubular epithelium์—์„œ ์œ ๋ž˜ํ•œ ์ข…์–‘ (ex. ์œ ์„ , ์‹ ์žฅ)
    • papilloma(์œ ๋‘) : (muco)cutaneous surface์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๊นฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ž๋ผ๋Š”(exophytic) ์ข…์–‘
    • polyp : mucosal surface์—์„œ ์ž๋žŒ, papilloma๋ณด๋‹ค ์ข€ ๋” ํฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
  • โ€˜carcinomasโ€™ (=cancer) : ๋ชจ๋“  malignant tumor๋ฅผ ํ†ต์นญ

Mixed tumors

  • multiple cell types๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
  • ๊ฐœ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์œ ์„ ์ข…์–‘(mixed mammary gland tumor)์ด ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ 
  • Teratomas : totipotential germ cell์—์„œ ์œ ๋ž˜, 3๊ฐœ ๋ฐฐ์—ฝ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค ์„ฑ์žฅ, ํŠน์ดcase

Tumor-like lesions

  • Hemartomas :
  • Choristomas :

Tumor Nomenclature