공보2(A) - 13. Coronaviridae

• family Coronaviridae
  • antigenic group Ⅰ
    • human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E)
    • porcine respiratory coronavirus
    • feline coronavirus
  • antigenic group Ⅱ
    • HCoV-OC43
    • murine hepatitis virus (mouse)
    • porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (pig)
    • bovine coronavirus (cattle)
  • antigenic group Ⅲ
    • infectious bronchitis virus (chicken)
    • turkey coronavirus

SARS

• Etiology
  • unknown coronavirus (SARS coronavirus; SARS-CoV공식 명칭 쓰는 문제)
    • new virus - coronavirus groups Ⅱ & Ⅲ
    • 유사한 coronavirus가 홍콩의 사향고양이(civet)에서 분리됨
    • origin : maybe Civet Cats
• Occurence
  • first in Hong Konkong → all over the world
  • 2003 5월, 8,000 cases, 750 deaths
• Transmission
  • 보고된 모든 케이스는 human to human → zoonotic backgroud는 확실X 사향고양이에서 전파되었다고 하면 안 됨
  • respiratory route / stool specimen에서도 분비
  • via food, toilets는 확실하지 않음
• Clinical manifestation : fatality rate(치사율) 3% → 10%로 상승

MERS-CoV (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome)

• Etiology : MERS-CoV 공식 명칭 쓰는 문제
  • formerly HCoV-EMC
  • genus Betacoronavirus lineage C의 first human virus
• Occurence : 2015년 Korea, 186 cases, 38 death
• Clinical manifestation
  • Case fatality ratio : 20.4%
  • COVID-19, SARS, MERS 중 MERS가 가장 높은 치사율

COVID-19

• 2019.12, Wuhan, China에서 Novel Coronavirus 발생
• WHO 공식 명칭 COVID-19
• Etiology : Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2공식 명칭 쓰는 문제)
  • Beta-coronavirus에 속함. large class of viruses prevalent in nature.
  • SARS, MERS에 비해 high transmissibility, infectivity / low mortality rate(약 5%)
• Transmission
  • most likely source : Bat
  • complete genome sequence recognition rates(유사도) : SARS-CoV와 79.5% / bat SARS-coronavirus와 96%
• Vaccine 강의자료에 없음, 족보 출제
  • Johnson&Johnson vaccine : adenovirus vector vaccine (mRNA 아님)
  • pfizer, Moderna vaccine : mRNA vaccine
  • vaccination, hand hygiene, air purification 등보다 중요한 예방법은 social distancing(사회적 거리두기)