무외1 - 실습 1. Forelimb

Forelimb muscle의 Origin, Insertion, Action을 공부해 보자.

Epaxial

Nuchal ligament

	Nuchal ligament
O	첫 3 Thoracic spinous process
I	C2의 dorsal spinous process
A	머리 지지, 과도한 ventroflexion을 막음

Intrinsic muscles

Lateral scapula & shoulder

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	Supraspinatus (가시위근)
O	Supraspinous fossa (가시위오목)
I	Greater tubercle, anterior to the infraspinatous
A	어깨관절의 extend & stabilize (주요 폄근)

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	Infraspinatus (가시아래근)
O	Infaspinous fossa (가시아래오목)
I	Lateral greater tubercle (between the Supraspinatus and Teres minor tendons)
A	어깨관절의 extend & flex - Abduct shoulder - Rotate arm laterally - Stabilize the joint

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	Teres minor (작은원근)
O	Distal 1/3 of caudal border of scapula
I	Greater tubercle, caudal to infraspinatus tendon
A	Flex shoulder, externally rotate arm

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	Deltoideus (어깨세모근) (큰 쪽) Scapular part / (작은 쪽) Acromial part
O	(1) Spine of scapula (어깨뼈가시) - Spinous Head (2) Acromion (봉우리) - Acromial head
I	(both) Deltoid tuberosity of humerus (상완뼈 세모근거친면)
A	flex shoulder

Medial scapular & shoulder

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	Teres major (큰원근)
O	Caudal angle & border of scapular (어깨뼈 뒤각, 뒤모서리)
I	Teres major tuberosity of Humerus (상완뼈 큰원근거친면)
A	Flex shoulder (어깨관절의 주요 굽힘근), Rotate arm medially

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	Subscapularis (어깨밑근)
O	Subscapular fossa of scapula (어깨뼈밑오목)
I	minor tubercle of the humerus (상완뼈 작은결절)
A	- Adduct & extend shoulder - during flexion : aids in stabilizing joint - Tendon functions as a medial collateral ligament

Caudal arm

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	Anconeus (앞다리굽이근)
O	distal-lateral humerus (just proximal to elbow)
I	Lateral surface of proximal 1/8 of ulna
A	Extend elbow
N	Radial n.

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	Triceps brachii (상완세갈래근)	- L, A, Md, Lt 순
	Medial head (Humeral heads)	Lateral head	Accessory head	Long head (Scapular head)
O	Medial surface of humerus	Proximal lateral humerus	Neck of humerus (상완뼈목)	Caudal border of scapula (어깨뼈뒤모서리)
I	(all) Olecranon (자뼈꿈치머리)
A	(all) Extend elbow			+ flex shoulder
N	(all) Radial n.

Cranial arm

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	Biceps brachii (상완두갈래근)
O	supraglenoid tubercle of scapula (어깨뼈 오목위결절)
I	Ulna & Radius (medially, just distal to elbow) (노,자뼈 거친면)
A	Flex elbow (앞다리굽이관절의 주요 굽힘근), extend shoulder

Cranio-lateral forearm

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	Extensor Carpi Radialis (노쪽앞발목폄근)
O	Lateral epicondyle of humerus
I	Bases (proximal ends) of metacarpals of 2 and 3
A	Extend carpus
N	Radial n.

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	Common digital extensor
O	Lateral epicondyle of humerus
I	Extensor processes of the distal phalanges of digits 2-5
A	Extend joints of the four digits and carpus
N	Radial n.

Caudo-medial forearm

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	Deep digital flexor (깊은발가락굽힘근)
	Humeral head	Ulnar head	Radial head
O	Medial epicondyle of humerus	Proximal 3/4 of caudal border of ulna	Middle 1/3 of medial border of radius
I	(all) Palmar surface of base(proximal end) of distal phalanx of each digit
A	(all) Flex digits & carpus

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	Flexor carpi ulnaris
	Ulnar head	Humeral head
O	Caudal border of medial surface of olecranon	Medial epicondyle of humerus
I	(all) Accessory Carpal bone
A	(all) Flex carpus

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	Superficial digital flexor
O	Medial epicondyle of humerus
I	Medial & lateral surfaces of the middle phalanges of digits 2-5 (wrapping aroudn the deep digital flexor tendon)
A	Flex carpus, metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5

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