Immunosurveillance (๋ฉด์—ญ ๊ฐ์‹œ)

  • ์™ธ๋ถ€ ๋ณ‘์›์ฒด, ๋™์ข…/์ด์ข… ์ด์‹๋œ ์กฐ์ง์„ ๊ณต๊ฒฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฉด์—ญ๊ณ„. ๊ฐ™์€ mechanism์ด tumor cells์˜ self-antigens๋„ ๊ณต๊ฒฉํ•จ.
  • effective immunosurveillance โ†’ tumor development๋ฅผ ์–ต์ œ
  • ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ด์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ฉด์—ญ์ด ์–ต์ œ๋œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—์„œ ์ข…์–‘ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์ด dramaticํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€
  • tumor๊ฐ€ ๋ฉด์—ญ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋Œ์–ด๋ƒ„ (lymphocyte์™€ macrophage๊ฐ€ tumor๋กœ ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ) โ‡’ ์–ด์จŒ๋“ , ๋ฉด์—ญ ๋ฐ˜์‘์€ tumor ์ƒ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํฐ ์—ญํ• 

Tumor Antigens

  • tumor cell์˜ surface์— ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜๋Š” proteins, glycoproteins, glycolipids, carbohydrates
  • tumor-specific antigens์™€ tumor-associated antigens๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ๋‹ค.
    • tumor-specific : tumor์—๋งŒ ๋ฐœํ˜„
    • tumor-associated : tumor์—๋„, ์ •์ƒ์„ธํฌ์—๋„ ๋ฐœํ˜„
  • tumor antigen์€ ์ง„๋‹จ๊ณผ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ์œ ์šฉ, ์ „์ด๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ๋„ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์„ ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ tumor๋ฅผ detect & treatment์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค.
  • ์–ด๋–ค tumor antigen์€ effective immunosurveilance์˜ target์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•จ

Antitumor effector mechanisms

  • tumor antigen์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ immune response๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. (์‚ฌ์ง„)
  • innate immune system : ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋œ specific, ์ฆ‰๊ฐ์ , ์ผ์ฐจ ๋ฐฉ์–ด์„ .
  • adaptive immune system : ๋” specific
    • cell-mediated immune response^[antitumor defenses์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ]๊ณผ humoral immune response์ด ์žˆ์Œ
    • tumor antigen์ด immune effector cells์— ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•จ
    • Dendritic cells๊ฐ€ tumor cell์—์„œ ๋ถ„๋น„๋œ antigen์„ capture, ์ž‘๊ฒŒ ์ž˜๋ผ์„œ MHC๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌ
    • Antigen-activated CD8+, CD4+ T lymphocytes๋Š” tumor-specific cytototoxic & helper T lympocytes๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „^[B lymphocytes๋Š” immunoglobulin-secreting plasma cell๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „]