공보2(A) - 10. Poxviridae

• subfamily Chordopoxvirinae
  • Genus orthopoxvirus
    • Monkeypox virus zoonotic
    • Cowpox virus zoonotic
    • Varioloa virus nonzoonotic : smallpox의 원인 바이러스
  • Genus Parapoxvirus
    • Orf virus zoonotic
    • Pseudocowpox virus zoonotic : (milker’s nodules)
  • Genus Yatapoxvirus

Orthopoxvirus

[zoonotic] Monkeypox, Cowpox

[nonzoonotic] Variola

Smallpox

• Etiology : Variola virus (major & minor)
• Occurence : only in human
• Vaccine
  • E. Jenner (1798)이 vaccina virus를 이용한 백신 도입 → 1979 completely eradicated.
  • protects not only variola but also orthopoxvirus
    • not against parapox, yatapox

Cowpox

• Etiology : cowpox virus
• Occurence
  • US, central Europe (in earlier times) / today, rare
  • source : cats(4), rodents(3), cow(1) of cowpox virus infection
  • not always be traced to diseased cattle (소를 통해서만 감염X) 족보
  • natural reservoir : small rodents
• Transmission
  • milkers who contact with pox on teats
  • develop on hands, arms, face

Monkeypox

• Etiology
  • Monkeypox virus
  • most closely related to variola virus
  • 사람/원숭이에 모두 감염되는 세균성 zoonoses : shigella
• Occurence
  • sporadically(산발적) in West & Central Africa
• Transmission
  • not clearly known
  • transmission cycle에 monkeys, squirrels, porcupines(호저), anteaters(개미핥기) 포함
  • human to human : rare(4%)
• Clinical Manifestation
  • fatality rate : 15% (human)
• Vaccine : vaccinia virus의 vaccine으로 orthopoxvirus 모두 가능
• 원숭이두창으로 불렀으나, 지금은 “MPOX(엠폭스)“로 명칭 바뀜.

Parapoxvirus

lesion : other poxvirus와 similar

Pseudocowpox (Milker’s nodules)

• pox lesions on the udder of cows(소의 젖꼭지)
• cowpox, vaccinia 병변과 구별 어려움
• Etiology : pseudocowpox virus
• Transmission : udder of milking cows의 pox lesions를 통해 milkers에게 감염
• Vaccination : vaccinia virus vaccine does not induce protection

Contagious Ecthyma of Sheep

Orf=Contagious pustular dermatitis

• lambs(새끼 양) : infected with orf virus from asymptomatic mothers(무증상 어미)
• ulcerative inflammation on the lips, mouth, margins of a hoof
• Etiology : orf virus
• Transmission
  • contact with infected sheep
  • in shepherds, farmers, slaughterhouse workers, veterinarians
• Clinical manifestation : healing takes several weeks (몇 주 후 자가치료)