Morphological classification

  • Biliary disease
    • ๋‹ด๊ด€์— ์ƒ๊ธด ์—ผ์ฆ์€ bile duct์˜ ์ฆ์‹์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•œ๋‹ค.
    • Cholangiohepatitis :
    • ์ด๋‹ด๊ด€(common bile duct)๋Š” ์‹ญ์ด์ง€์žฅ ๊ทผ์œ„๋ถ€๋กœ ๊ฐœ๊ตฌํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์‹ญ์ด์ง€์žฅ ๊ทผ์œ„๋ถ€์˜ ์—ผ์ฆ์ด ์˜ฌ๋ผ์˜ค๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

  • ๋‹ด์ฆ™ :
  • Hyperbilirubinemia
    • ๊ณ ๋นŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฃจ๋นˆํ˜ˆ์ฆ์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜๋ฉด ํƒ€๊ฒŸ์„ ์ขํž ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค
    • Intrahepatic : ๊ฐ„ ์‹ค์งˆ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ.
    • prehepatic : ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ์šฉํ˜ˆ
    • ๋นŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฃจ๋นˆ์ด ๋งŽ์ด๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๋Š”ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์€preheaptic
    • ๋Œ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ๋ชปํ•ด์„œ ํ˜ˆ์ค‘์— ๋– ๋Œ์•„๋””๋‹ˆ๋ฉด iintrahepatic
    • ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์„ค๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ด์„œextrahepatic
    • ๋‹ด์ฆ™์˜ ์ •์ฒด = incrus, jaundice (ํ™ฉ๋‹ฌ)
    • ๋‹ด์„โ‡’ ๋น ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š”ํ†ต๋กœ ใ…กใ„น
  • ๋‹ด์ฆ™ ์ •์ฒด๊ฐ€์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๊ณ ,
    • ๋‹ด๋‚ญ์ด ๋ˆ„๋Ÿฐ์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ
    • Kupffercell (๊ฐ„์˜ ๋Œ€์‹์„ธํฌ) โ‡’ '''

Icterus vs. Jaundice

  • ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ณ‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„!
  • (1) Prehepatic
  • (2) Hepatic
    1. Posthepatic
  • ์—ผ์ฆ ๋ฐ˜์‘์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
  • ์ •์ฒด๋œ ๋‹ด์ฆ™์ด ์„ธํฌ ๋…์„ฑ์„์œ ๋ฐœํ•ด์„œ ์†์ƒ์œผ๋ฃจ๋ฃจ
  • ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š” heperbilirubineia?
FibrosisCirrosis
ํšŒ๋ณต ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ƒ์ฑ„โ€
๋‹ค ์ด์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์Œ
(fibrosis๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฒผ๋Š”๋ฐ ์˜†์— ๋ถ™์Œ)
๊ฐ€์—ญ์ ๋น„๊ฐ€์—ญ์ 

๋งŒ์„ฑ cirrhosis

  • gufrhksdl whqdk
  • wlrh xkstjddl [
  • Portal hypertension โ†’ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์„ ์ƒˆ๋กœ๋งŒ๋“ฆ(shutning), ascites

๊ฐ„์ด ์ž‘์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ์›ฌ๋งŒํ•˜๋ฉด 2๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฐ–์—.

  • Cirrhosis
  • PSS (ํ˜ˆ์•ก๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์ž˜ ๋ชป ๋ฐ›์Œ)

Reversibility and Fibrosis Resolution

๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฐ€์—ญ์„ฑ : cirrhosis ์˜ค๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ.

Liver failure

  • ๊ฐ„์˜ end-stage : 7-80%์˜ functional unit์ด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ชปํ•  ๋•Œ.

Hepatic Encephalopathy

  • ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ถ€์ „ > ๊ฐ„์„ฑ ๋…์„ฑ?, ๋‡Œ๋ณ‘์ฆ ์ƒ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ.
  • ์•”๋ชจ๋‹ˆ์•„ : BBB๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•จ.

Hepatocutaneous syndrome (= SND, superficial necrolytic dermatitis)

  • ๊ณผ๊ฐํ•˜์ฆ์„ ์ž˜์ผ์œผํ‚ด.
  • ๊ฐ„๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ๋ถ€์ „> ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์ด ๋ถ€์ „, ์•”๋ชจ๋‹ˆ์•„ ์ถ•์ 
  • Parakeratosis, epidermal necrosis, crusting
    • parakeratosis : ํ•ต์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ€๋ผํ‹ด์˜ ๊ณผ์ฆ์‹ (โ†> orthokeratosis) / ์›๋ž˜ ๋ฌดํ•ต ์ผ€๋ผํ‹ด์ธต์ด ์ •์ƒ

Ddx :

  • zinc-responsive dermatosis (์•„์—ฐ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ)
  • pemphigus foliaceus,lupus erythematosus (โ†“)
  • distemper
  • SND (hepatocutaneous syndrome)
  • ๋ฐœ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ ์–‘์ชฝ์— ๋‹ค๋ฐœ์„ฑ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด distemper์™€ SND๊ฐ€ ์ œ์ผ ์œ ๋ ฅ, ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ• ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง
  • ํ’ˆ์ข… ํŠน์ด์ ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ.

Aging Changes in the Liver

  • nodular hyperplasia ; ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ”ํ•จ. ๊ฒฐ์ ˆ์„ฑ ๋ณ‘๋ณ€์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚จ. ์ข…์–‘์œผ๋กœ ์„ฃ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ ์ง„๋‹จ X

3. ๊ฐ„์— ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ธฐํ˜• - Developmental and Congenital Anomalies

1๏ธโƒฃ Portosystemic shunts

PSS

  • portal : ๊ฐ„์— ํ˜ˆ์•ก ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ์ฃผ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ.

  • systemic circulation๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ด ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์•ˆ๋˜๋ฉด.. โ‡’ ์‚ฐ์†Œ์™€ ์˜์–‘ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ X

  • ํฌ๊ฒŒ 2๊ฐ€์ง€.

    • Extrahepatic (๊ฐ„ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ๋ฌธ์ œ) : ์ฃผ๋กœ ์†Œํ˜•๊ฒฌ.
    • Intrahepatic (๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๋ฌธ์ œ) : ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ˜•๊ฒฌ.
  • ํ•ด๋… ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ์ž˜ ๋ชป ํ•œ๋‹ค.

ํ˜ˆ๊ด€๋“ค์„ ์ƒˆ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€๋งŒ, ์›๋ž˜ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€๋งŒํผ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•จ.

2๏ธโƒฃ Ductal Plate Malformations

  • cyst ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— portal fibrosis ์ƒ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ.
  • ๋‹ด์ฆ™ ์ •์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋ฉด portal์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
  • portal์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฒฉ๋„ ๋‹ด์ฆ™์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

3๏ธโƒฃ Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis

  • ductal plate malformation = ๊ฐ„์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ cyst๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ฆ
  • ์ด๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ„๊ฒฝํ™”๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ โ‡’ Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis
  • ductal plate๊ฐ€ duct๋ฅผ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๋น„์ •์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ด€์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ.
  • bridging fibrosis ํŒจํ„ด์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค.
  • ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์€์–ด๋А ์ •๋„ ์ •์ƒ. ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ.

Polycystic Liver Disease

  • ์ƒํ”ผ์„ธํฌ.. cyst..

Biliary Atresia (๋‹ด๊ด€ ํ˜‘์ฐฉ)

  • bile duct๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์•„์ฃผ ์ข์€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ•์œผ๋กœ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋จ.
  • ์ง€์†๋˜๋ฉด ๋‹ด๊ด€์ด ๋ง‰ํžˆ๋ฏ€๋กœ โ‡’ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๋‹ด์ฆ™ ์ •์ฒด๋กœ ์ธํ•œ fibrosis โ‡’ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฝํ™”๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง.
  • ๋“œ๋ฌผ๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€๋งŒ, ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜์ž๋งˆ์ž ๊ธ‰์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ์›์ธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜.

Portals of Entry

  • ํ˜ˆํ–‰์„ฑ
  • Retrograde biliary infection (์‹ญ์ด์ง€์žฅ์—์„œ ascending์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ)
  • Direct extension (์ง์ ‘์  ์ „ํŒŒ) : ์•ˆ๊ณผ ๋ฐ–์—์„œ / ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ณ‘๋ณ€์€ ๋ฐ”๊นฅ capsule ์ชฝ์—์„œ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋จ
  • Penetrating wounds or parasite

Pathways of Spread

  • ๊ฐ„์‹ค์งˆ์„ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ ์ „ํŒŒ๋˜๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ๋„ ์žˆ์Œ.
  • transcoelomic : ๋ณต๊ฐ• ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „์ด.

๊ฐ„๋‹ด๊ด€ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ Defense Mechanism

  • Kupffer cell : ํ˜ˆ์•ก๋‚ด ์›์ธ์ฒด, ์ด๋ฌผ์„ 1์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํƒ์‹
  • Biliary epithelium : ์ƒํ”ผ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋‹ฅ๋‹ค๋‹ฅ ๋ถ™์–ด์„œ ๋ชธ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋กœ ์ด๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ํ•จ.
  • Dual blood supply : ํ˜ˆ์•ก์„ ๋‘ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋ฐ›์•„์„œ ํ•œ ์ชฝ์ด ๋ง‰ํ˜€๋„ ์†์ƒ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•จ.

Cellular & Molecular Barriers

  • PRR (pattern recognition receptors)
    • TNF-ฮฑ, IL-6, MCP-1, ๋“ฑ
    • ๊ฐ„์„ธํฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ธ์‹์€ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํƒ์‹์€ ๋ชป ํ•จ.

Multispecies Hepatic Infectious Disease

  • Leptospirosis : ํ™ฉ๋‹ฌ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํŠน์ง•์ . / Multispecies (๊ฐœ, ๋ผ์ง€, ์†Œ)
  • ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ด (begin as vascular leptospirosis) : ํ˜ˆํ–‰์ด ๋งŽ์€ ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋“ค์„ ํƒ€๊ฒŸ์œผ๋กœ ํผ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋”ฐ (์‹ ์žฅ, ๊ฐ„, ํ, ์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€๊ณ„)
  • ๊ฐ„๊ดด์‚ฌ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฑด? random pattern์ด๋‹ค.
  • Fasciola hepatica : ๋ฐ”๋‹ท๊ฐ€ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์—์„œ ๋น„๊ต์  ํ”ํ•จ. (์‹์Šต๊ด€๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋„ ๋†’์Œ)

2์ฐจ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ์—ผ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”๋„ ๋†’์Œ.

Fasciola hepatica์™€ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋„ ๋†’์€ ์„ธ๊ท  2๊ฐœ.

  • Clostridium hemolyticum :
    • ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ spore ์„ญ์ทจโ‡’ spore ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด์™€์„œ ์†Œ์žฅ์˜ M cell์— ์ˆจ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆผ. ์ˆจ์€ ์ฑ„๋กœ ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ.
    • ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ fluke์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ„ ์†์ƒ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด(๊ฐ„์„ธํฌ ํ—ˆํ˜ˆ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ตญ์†Œ์  hypoxia ์ƒํƒœ์— ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด; ํ˜๊ธฐ์„ฑ ์„ธ๊ท ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ) โ‡’ toxin์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค.
    • ์šฉํ˜ˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ Bacillary hemoglobinuria๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ , mortality๊ฐ€ ๋†’๋‹ค (1-2์ผ ์ด๋‚ด).
    • ํ˜ˆ๋‡จ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ ์ฆ์ƒ.
    • ๊ตญ์†Œ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ„ ๊ดด์‚ฌ ์œ ๋ฐœ : alpha toxin ๋•Œ๋ฌธ. (๊ตญ์†Œ์  ์ €์‚ฐ์†Œ์ฆ ์ƒํƒœ์—ฌ์•ผ ๊ฐ„๊ดด์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•จ)
    • (1) Intravascular hemolysis (hemoglobinuria)
    • (2) hepatic necrosis
    • (3)
  • Clostiridium novyi :
    • ํ˜ˆ๋‡จ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด์ .
    • Local hepatic necrosis : fasciola์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ธด ๊ตญ์†Œ์  ์ €์‚ฐ์†Œ์ฆ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ๊ฐ„๊ดด์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•จ

Disease

Infectious Canine Hepatitis

canine adenovirus 1

  • Canine Adenovirus Type 1 (CAV-1) ์— ์˜ํ•จ.

  • ๊ฐ„, ์‹ ์žฅ, ๋ˆˆ, ํ˜ˆ๊ด€๋‚ดํ”ผ์„ธํฌ

  • wild canid์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ผ ๋งŽ์Œ.

  • tonsil์—์„œ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ฆ์‹ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ผ์ • ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์ž ๋ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋’ค viremia

  • Pathogenesis

    • ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ โ‡’ ์ „์‹ ์„ฑ
    • ๊ฐ„์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์†์ƒ์‹œ์ผœ hepatic necrosis โ†’ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์„ ํƒ€๊ณ  widespread vasculitis
  • Clinical signs

    • ํ™ฉ๋‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์‹ฌํ•˜์ง„ ์•Š๋‹ค
    • Conjunctivitis (โ‡ Acute corneal edema), blue eye๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•จ. ๋ˆˆ๋™์ž๊ฐ€ ํ˜ผํƒํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ญ๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๊ณ  ํŒŒ๋ž€์ƒ‰์ด๋ฉด ์ด๊ฑฐ ๊ผญ ์˜์‹ฌ.
    • Leukopenia
    • DIC (ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์ชฝ ํƒ€๊ฒŸํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ)
    • ์‹ฌํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฃฝ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

12/2

๊ฐ๋ง‰์˜ ์•ˆ์ชฝ์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ๋Š” ํ˜ˆ๊ด€๋‚ดํ”ผ์„ธํฌ - ์ด ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋Š”? ํ˜ˆ๊ด€๋‚ดํ”ผ์„ธํฌ์— ์ž˜ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๋ถ™๋Š”๋‹ค โ‡’ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์—ผ์ฆ์ด ์ƒ๊ธด๋‹ค.

์›๋ž˜ ๊ฑด์กฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋˜ ๊ฐ๋ง‰ ์•ˆ์ชฝ / ์•ˆ๋ฐฉ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ stroma ๋‚ด๋กœ ์ž˜ ์Šค๋ฉฐ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ„๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์—ผ 7-10์ผ ํ›„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚จ.

Immune complex๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ ธ ์ถ•์ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด blue eye์˜ ์›์ธ. immune complex์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ตญ์†Œ์ ์ธ type โ…ข hypersensitivity ๊ฐ๋ง‰ ๋’ค์ชฝ์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ๋Š” ํ˜ˆ๊ด€๋‚ดํ”ผ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€์†์ƒ โ‡’ ์•ˆ๋ฐฉ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์Šค๋ฉฐ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋ฉฐ corneal edema โ‡’ blue eye

7-10์ด๋ฉด.. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ˆ˜ ๊ฐœ์›” ๋™์•ˆ ์†Œ๋ณ€์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์† shedding ์‹ ์žฅ์„ธ๋‡จ๊ด€ ์†์ƒ โ†’ ์•Œ๋ถ€๋ฏผ ์žฌํก์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ โ†’ proteinuria

  • ๊ฐ„์—์„œ : ์ ์ƒ์ถœํ˜ˆ, necrotic foci, ์ •์ƒ ๋‹ด๋‚ญ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ฒฝ์ด ๋ง๋ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‘ํˆผํ•ด์ง(๊ฐ„์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ด๋‚ญ์— ๋ถ€์ข…์„ ์ž˜ ์ผ์œผํ‚ด)

  • focal liver necrosis

  • hepatocyte์—์„œ ๋งŽ์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋จ.

  • intranuclear inclusion body(ํ•ต๋‚ด๋ด‰์ž…์ฒด)

Infectious Canine Hepatitis
Clinical signs
Microscopic

Tyzzerโ€™s disease

  • Clostridium piliforme

  • ๋ฉด์—ญ์ €ํ•˜ ๋™๋ฌผ์—์„œ ์ž˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ

  • spore ์„ญ์ทจ โ‡’ portal vein์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด์˜จ๋‹ค.

  • Infectious canine hepatitis

  • Tyzzerโ€™s disease

  • ์›์ถฉ ๊ฐ์—ผ

    • Leishmaniasis
    • Toxoplasmosis
  • ๊ธฐ์ƒ์ถฉ ๊ฐ์—ผ

    • Blastomycosis
    • Histoplasmosis (Histoplasma capsulatum)
    • Candidiasiss
    • Aspergillosis
  • Aflatoxicosis

  • ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์„ฑ ์งˆํ™˜

    • Copper-Associated Chronic Hepatitis
    • Fatty Liver Syndrome : ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์“ธ ๋•Œ. ๊ฐ„์ด ์ปค์ง€๊ณ , ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ๋ผ๋ฆฌํ•ด์ง€๊ณ , ์ž˜ ๋ฐ”์Šค๋Ÿฌ์ง (enlarged, yellow, friable) / ๊ฐ„์— ๊ณตํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋ฉด ์ง€๋ฐฉ or ๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์ฝ”์  .
    • Steroid Hepatopathy :
  • Neoplasia & Hyperplasia

Table 8.3 Differentiation of Nodular Lesions in the Liver

โญโญ ์•”๊ธฐํ•˜์„ธ์š” โญโญ

LesionSpecies AffectedGross AppearanceHistologic Appearance
Nodular hyperplasiaMainly older dogs, occasionally catsOften multiple
Friable
Well-demarcated
Compressive
Adjacent liver is normal
Contains all elements of normal lobule
Fewer portal tracts and central veins than normal liver
Hepatocytes often vacuolated
Not encapsulated
Regenerative nodulesMainly dogs, not age-relatedMultiple
Rest of liver is abnormal (fibrotic)
Arise in an injured liver, most often with severe fibrosis
Lack lobular organization
Usually only contain a single portal tract or isolated vessels
Hepatocellular adenomaAll speciesUsually single
Often unencapsulated
Compressive
Red-brown
Adjacent liver is normal
Loss of lobular architecture
No or few portal tracts or central veins
Well-differentiated hepatocytes
Plates 2 or 3 cells thick
Hepatocellular carcinomaAll speciesUsually single
Can be large (can involve entire lobe)
Intrahepatic metastases may be present
Friable
White-gray to yellow-brown
Subdivided by fibrous bands
Loss of lobular architecture
No or few portal tracts or central veins
Irregular plates >3 cells thick
Hepatocytes can be bizarre
Invasion at margins
Cholangiocellular adenomaMost common in catsDiscrete
Firm
Gray-white
Can be cystic
Compressive
Well-differentiated biliary epithelium forming tubules
Can be cystic
Well-developed fibrous stroma
Cholangiocellular carcinomaAll speciesLarge single mass or multiple nodules
Often central depression (umbilicated)
Gray-tan
Unencapsulated
Often see metastasis in other tissues
Well-differentiated, have tubular or acinar arrangement
Poorly differentiated, have solid masses of cells
Abundant fibrous stroma
Multiple sites of invasion at margins